Performance development in the 12-hour run

12-hour ultra-marathons - Increasing worldwide participation and dominance of Europeans In the ultramarathon there are different types of runs.In addition to the runs that are limited after distance (100 kilometers, 100 miles), there are also runs that are limited after time as the 12-hour run.We examined the trend of the participants from the period from 1981 to 2010. Over time, most runners from the US participated, followed by runners from Germany and France.

Performance development in the 6-hour run

Participation and performance trends in 6-hour ultra-marathoners – a retrospective data analysis of worldwide participation from 1991-2010 In the area of ultramarathon, the 6-hour run is the shortest route and defines exactly the term ultramarathon with the duration of 6 hours.We studied the trends from 1991 to 2010 for competitions and runners in the 6-hour race. The number of participants took over the years for men like women linearly to where men made much more a 6-hour run than women.The relationship man to Mrs. remained stable since 1991 4. Both men like women, as among the women, showed the greatest increase in the age group 45-49 years.

Performance of the long-distance swimmer in the FINA World Cup

Analysis of swimming performance in FINA World Cup long-distance open water races For endurance athletes in the elite area, trends of participation and performance were prefetched for runners and triathlets, but not for swimmers.

We have now examined the top swimmers of the Fina World Cup for 5km, 10km and 25km in open water swimming. From this relatively young discipline exist for a few years now.It showed in the period from 2000 to 2012 that the swimming speed of women over 5km and 25km decreased while the speed over 10km increased. In the men, the speed decreased over 5km, but remained unchanged over 10km and 25km.Women were disciples at the time of their best swimming power than men (at 25-27 years). More details can be found under https://extremephysiolmed.biomedCentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/2046-7648-3-2.pdf

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Power about half marathon and marathon in the racing roller chair

Wheelchair half-marathon and marathon performance – the ‘Oita International Wheelchair Marathon’ 1983-2011 In addition to half marathon and marathon as runners, these routes can also be covered in the racing roller.One of the world-famous competitions is the ‘Oita International Wheelchair Marathon’ in Japan.We examined the performance of the racing roller trips from the years 1981 to 2011. The betting camps have been faster until the mid-nineties during the 1980s.After this point, no further improvement has taken place.The age of the athletes continuously increased over the years, by 0.51 years in the half marathon and at 0.62 years in the marathon.

The age of the best floor swimmer

Age of peak swim speed and sex difference in performance in medley and freestyle swimming – a comparison between 200 m and 400 m in Swiss elite swimmers In swimming, almost exclusively freestyle was examined with regard to age and performance.In addition to freestyle, however, there are other swimming styles such as layers swimming. We now have examined for 200m as well as 400m pivot swimming on the basis of the Swiss list list from the years 2006 to 2010 in which age the best times are swamed.We have compared the results for layer swimming with the figures for freestyle directly.

Performance of short-distance triathlets with regard to Olympia

Performance in Olympic triathlon: changes in performance of elite female and male triathletes in the ITU World Triathlon Series from 2009 to 2012 We have wanted to qualify for the short-distance triathlets for Olympics 2012 the course of the performance of 2009 until and examined with the 2012 Olympics. Over this period, the section times for swimming remained unchanged while the times for cycling and the entire competition time were longer.

The age of the best shimmer

Sex-related differences and age of peak performance in breaststroke versus freestyle swimming Differences in performance and age of the best performance have been studied in floats so far only for freestyle. We wanted to know how to look for other swim styles such as some breast swimming.For this we have examined results of floats at national level (Switzerland) and international level (World Cup finals). The differences in performance were greater with freestyle swimming swimming swimming swimming swimming swimming over 50m, 100m and 200m for swimmers at a national level than at an international level.The difference in performance decreased with increasing route length with freestyle and breast skills for national and international floats.The route length had no influence on the age of the excellence of women in breast swimming, but the age of the top performance was four years older than the national swimmers in the international swimmers. Men reached the best performance in breast swimming in recent years for longer renown distances, and age of the best performance for men at an international level of six years older than at a national level.In freestyle, the route was no influence on the age of the best performance in women at a national level.

Energy and liquid balance with extreme duration

Nutrition in ultra-endurance racing – aspects of energy balance, fluid balance and exercise-associated hyponatremia Extreme endurance charges inevitably lead to bottlenecks in the field of nutrition. It comes to an energy deficit usually leads to a decrease in body mass in the sense of a reduction of the body fat and also the muscle mass. If the athlete tries to supply energy via excessive fluid intake and want to correct dehydration, it may result in a fluid overload that leads to an electrolyte track in the sense of a hyponatremia.

Does excessive endurance load leads to cartilage damage?

No damage of joint cartilage of the lower limbs in an ultra-endurance athlete – an MRI-study The general opinion is the excessive endurance charges in training and competition lead to cartilage damage of the joints of the loaded extremity. Data resp.Pictures to joints from athletes in the area of extreme duration are not available. On the basis of a falling report at an endurance athletes, we have examined the joints of the lower extremity (ankle joint, knee joint and hip joint) with conventional and microscopic MRI.The athlete in the last 18 years in training and competition per year back 25,000 radikilometers, 4,000 running kilometers as well as around 270 swimming kilometers. The MRI images were evaluated by three different radiologists with respect to the thickness of the cartilage and examined by a fourth radiologist with respect to the quality of the cartilage.