Ice swimming – ‘Ice Mile’ and ‘1 km Ice event’ Since 2009, there has been the official discipline of ice swimming that can be done over 1 mile and 1 kilometer. We have now analyzed the first results between 2009 and 2015.During this period, 113 men and 38 women have completed 1 mile and 26 men and 13 women 1 kilometers in water from a maximum of 5 ° C.Both routes were men faster than the women.
Read moreNation related participation and performance trends in ‘Norseman Xtreme Triathlon’ from 2006 to 2014 If you speak of Ironman Triathlon, all appeal to the Ironman Hawaii.In the meantime, however, there are also the Norseman in Norway, the spot hardness with the Ironman Hawaii can compete very well.While we know that on Ironman Hawaii the Americans dominate because of home advantage we do not know which nations are in front of the Norseman. We now have analyzed the numbers from 2006 to 2014 to see which country the best finishers come.Most finishers come from Norway, Germany, England, Sweden, USA and France. Norwegians and Germans were the fastest.Most podium places were achieved in men as in women by Norwegians.
Read moreParticipation and performance trends in elderly marathoners in four of the world’s largest marathons during 2004–2011 The performance development of elite runners on the marathon line is well examined.On the other hand, numbers are lacking and performance with rather older runners of 75 years and older. Now we have analyzed the numbers of marathon runners 4 of the runs of the, World Marathon Majors’ in Berlin, New York, Chicago and Boston from 2004-2011.This period was chosen because during these years could be found on all competitions usable numbers. The bottom line was that participation in the 5-year old age groups of the runners remained constant over 75 years, whose times were slower and the women could not approach men.
Read moreVariables that influence Ironman triathlon performance – what changed in the last 35 years? We collected the previous literature on the topic of performance-influencing variables for a fast Ironman competition time and tries to find the most important variables.
It showed the age, experience, gender, training, origin, anthropometric features, physiological peculiarities, pacing and performance in each disciplines are important. For the anthropometric characteristics showed differences between men and women. The most important variables for a fast Ironman competition time are an age of 30-35 years (men and women), a fast personal best time in the Olympic Triathlon (men and women), a fast personal best time in the marathon (men and women), a big oneTraining volume and fast training, the volume seems more important than the speed (men and women), deep body fat, thin skin fold thicknesses and a thin upper arm (only men) as well as origin from the USA (men and women). All details can be found under https://www.dovepress.com/articles.php?article_id=23326
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Ice swimming and changes in body core temperature: a case study An experienced ice float (56 years, 110 kg body weight, BMI 35.6 kg / m2 and 44.8% body fat) has documented all its training in preparation for 2 miles for almost 2 years. We were now able to examine relationships between body core temperature and water temperature.It turned out that the body core temperature immediately after entry into the cold water rose and then slowly dropped. The deepest body core temperature was only in the recreational phase after the ice swim to find.On average, the body core temperature decreased by about 1.7 ° C during an ice mile, after swimming even 3.2 - 3.7 ° C.
Read morePacing Strategies of Ultra-Cyclists at the ‘Race Across America’. So far, there are few investigations like the speed resp.Performance for very long endurance charges. We have examined the change in the speed of the ‘Race Across America’ from 2010 to 2014, taking into account the influences of height differences as well as temperature and wind. On the basis of a formula we have also tried to estimate the watt performance.It turned out that the speed decreased continuously during the race with the men faster than the women. The calculated watts also decreased in the course of the race and was also deeper for women compared to men.For women, the watts was lower for all finishers compared to men, the threeast per year and the finishers in the age group 60-69 years, but not for the finishers in the age groups 18-49 and 50-59 years.Temperature and altitude differences had an impact on the decrease in speed and wattage for both sexes who investigated performance and age groups.
Read moreSleep Management Strategy and Performance in an Extreme Mountain Ultra-marathon. A French group has investigated whether there is a connection between sleeping breaks and performance at the Ultra-Trail Mont-Blanc. During the run, 28% of the finishers made a sleep break.However, the runners without sleeping were faster than the runners with sleeping break. Runners who have given themselves before the competition more sleep were faster in the finish.
The authors finally came that more sleep before the race is crucial for performance on the race. The very insightful work can be found at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Pubmed/26020095
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Running and the association with anthropometric and training characteristics Running can be exercised as a sprint discipline on the train over a few meters to 10 km to Marathon and Ultramarathons over hundreds to thousands of running kilometers.The performance is influenced by a variety of factors of body construction as well as training. Morphological features such as skin folding thickness, body fat percentage, sizes and length of limbs, weight, size and body mass index (BMI) seem to have an impact on mileage. The training circumference (in time and returned distance) and the speed that runs in training also correlate with the performance.If all variables were comparatively examined, so were usually body fat and running speed in training the most important influencing sizes. For longer running loads (over 6 hours resp. 100 km), however, showed that the aspects of experience (number of successfully completed races) and personal best time were far more important than the training scope or morphological characteristics such as the body fat content.
Read moreMuscle Cramping During a 161-km Ultramarathon: Comparison of Characteristics of Those With and Without Cramping For 100 miles runners, runners were examined with and runners without muscle cramps. It showed around 14% of the runners had cramps and got about 53% almost cramps.Most cramps occurred in the calves (54%), quadriceps (44%) and Hamstring (33%).
In runners with cramps earlier convulsions and after the run higher CK values. The whole work can be found under https://www.sportsmedicine-open.com/content/2/1/8
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