Age class triathlets over the Olympic distance

Performance Trends in Age Group Triathletes in the Olympic Distance Triathlon at the World Championships 2009-2014. The performance development in the triathlon has been studied especially for the top triathlets on the ‘Ironman Hawaii’ as well as for age class triathlets.So far we do not know anything about the trend for age class triathlets over the Olympic distance on world class level.We have now analyzed the results of the World Cup race from 2009 to 2014. It showed that the performance in swimming in the age groups improved 25-29 to 55-59 years over time.In cycling, the times in age groups were 18-14 to 70-74 years faster.In running, the athletes were in the age groups 18-24, 30-34, 35-39 and 65-69 years faster. The final times have been improved in ages 18-24 to 65-69 years.The change times were better in all ages.Women were slower than men in all three disciplines and in the total time, except in the category 75-79 years.

Sex differences on world record level

Sex Differences in World Record Performance: The Influence of Sport Discipline and Competition Duration A Scandinavian group has analyzed the results of the literature regarding the influence of sports discipline and competition duration for the difference between man and woman. As a rule, the difference between the sexes is 8-12% for most analyzed disciplines and routes.Differences show itself when the upper body is required, the difference is often over 12%. In long-distance swimming, women approached around 5% to men.

Macro and microminerals at ultra skills

Level of minerals and trace elements in the urine of the participants of mountain ultra-marathon race For 21 runners a 53-km long mountaineering tramarathons, the urine was investigated on minerals such as CA, P, K and Na as well as trace elements SE, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe and Co before and after the race.

Due to the excretion of certain fabrics, these macro and microminerals were important for the recreational phase. The whole evaluation can be found under https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s0946672x16303960

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T cells at Masterathlen

Lifelong training improves anti-inflammatory environment and maintains the number of regulatory T cells in masters athletes A Portuguese group has studied the T cells as well as interleukin-10 at rest and after loading of Masterathlen and compared to the values of inactive. It showed that the masterathlets had higher values for interleukin-10 after load and the number of T cells remained constant.

The authors assume that the many years of training of the athlete leads to these favorable changes. The whole work can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28391394/

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The best age for a ski marathon

The age-related performance decline in marathon cross-country skiing - the Engadin Ski Marathon The age of the best marathon performance has been well examined for the marathon. In addition to the marathon, there are also cross-country skiing over the marathon track.We examined the numbers of almost 200,000 finishers at the Engadin Ski Marathon from 1998 to 2016.If you compare all men with all women, there is no difference in the final time.On the other hand, the top ten men are faster for every age group than the top ten women. If you look for every age year, the best time is reached for 40 years in men like women.AS does not change if you only take the top ten for every age year.

Vitamin D and muscle

Muscular effects of vitamin D in young athletes and non-athletes and in the elderly A Greek group has put together literature on vitamin D and musculature. The very interesting work shows how important vitamin D is for the sporty active people.

There is a very clear connection between muscle strength and vitamin D levels. The whole article can be read below https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28222403/

Differences between man and woman at the world top

Sex Differences in World Record Performance: The Influence of Sport Discipline and Competition Duration It is well known that women are 8-12% slower than men when it comes to sporty achievements at the highest level. Exceptions are sports where increasingly the upper body is needed, there is the difference about about 15%.

In long-distance swimming, women reduced the difference to about 5%. All facts and figures can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28488921/

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African top runners are younger at the top

Elite African Marathoners Specialize Earlier than Elite Non-African Marathoners General is known that the African runners are the fastest runners. In this study, the authors compared the 90 fastest African runners against the 90 fastest non-African runners across the marathon route between 2001 and 2015. It clearly showed that the Africans specialize for the marathon route and withdraw from competitive sports. Finding everything under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28488940/

Overview of open water swimming

Characteristics and Challenges of Open-Water Swimming Performance: A Review An Italian group has put together the previous literature on open water swimming. In the last 10 years, the popularity of this sport increased strongly.The performance of women increased significantly. It can be assumed that the physique of the woman (more fat and other fat distribution as men) is responsible for this performance improvement. The work can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28459347/