Age and pacing in cross-country skiing

The effect of aging on pacing strategies of cross-country skiers and the role of performance level The participation of Masterathlets in training and competition has increased in recent decades. However, there is still little known whether these athletes differ in performance aspects such as the pacing of their younger colleagues. We have studied the combined effect of age and performance (competition time) to the pace on the vassalauf. We analyzed all around 80,000 finishers from 2012 to 2017 after their competition time in 10 groups.

All details about Ultramarathon

Physiology and pathophysiology in ultra-marathon running We have reviewed the scientific literature on Ultramarathon and creates a great review article. We summarize the findings of the literature with regard to the physiology and pathophysiology of the ultramarathon. The number of ultramarathons and the number of official finishers has risen particularly strong in recent decades, due to the increased number of women and age group runners. A typical ultra raker is male, married, well trained and about 45 years old.Female Ultralaufen today make around 20% of the total number of finishers. Ultralaufen are older than marathon runners and have a bigger weekly training volume, but they run slower as a marathon runner in training. Previous experience (number of placements in ultramarathons and fast personal best marathon period) is the most important factor influencing a successful ultramarathon followed by specific anthropometric peculiarities (low body mass, deep BMI and low body fat) and training (high running speed during exercise). Women are slower than men, but the gender difference in performance in recent years dropped to about 10-20% depending on the length of the ultramarathon. The fastest times in the ultramarathon are usually reached at the age of 35-45 years or older for women and men. It seems that the age of peak performance increases with increasing RenDistanz or duration of the race. An ultramarathon leads to an energy deficit that leads to a reduction of body fat and skeletal muscle. An ultramarathone can lead, in combination with other risk factors such as extreme weather conditions (heat or cold) or the country in which the race takes place, to a stress-associated hyponatremia. An ultramarathon can also lead to changes in biomarkers who show a pathological process for specific organs or organ systems, such as skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney, immune system and endocrine system. These changes are usually temporary, depending on intensity and duration of performance, usually normalize after the race within a few days. In longer ultramarathons, up to 50-60% of the participants complain about muscular skeletal problems. The most common injuries in ultra skirters relate to the lower extremity such as ankle and knees. An ultramarathon leads to an increase in creatine kinase at values of 100,000-200,000 U / L depending on the fitness level of the athlete and length of the race. In addition, an ultramarathon can lead to changes in the heart, such as changes in heart biomarkers, ECG and echocardiography. Ultralauf often suffer from digestive problems and gastrointestinal bleeding after an ultramarathon are not unusual. The liver enzymes can increase significantly during an ultramarathon.An ultramarathon often leads to a temporary restriction of renal function.

Stress of the heart at long cycling

2706 km cycling in two weeks: effects on cardiac function in six elderly male athletes Sport has a non-underestimated influence on the heart.A Danish group has studied six older athletes who have completed around 2700 radikilometers for 14 days. It turned out that the left ventricle increased to size.In addition, there was a temporary increase in cardiac biomarkers (troponin T, creatine kinase-myocardial gang and N-terminal pro-brain-natriuretic peptide). The plasma concentrations of cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower after workout. The systolic blood pressure was unchanged, but the diastolic pressure was significantly lower after workout than at the beginning of the study. Important are the favorable reduction of the blood fats and the reduction of diastolic blood pressure. The study can be found under https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29770745/

The central nervous system as a regulator

Exercise, Obesity and CNS Control of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Review The American John Kelly Smith has thought about the way in which the central nervous system regulates metabolic homeostasis in normal weight and obese rodents and humans. His work is a very complex overview of the homeostatic contributions of neurons in the hypothalamus, the midbrain and the limbic structures, the PONS and the Area PostRema, the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius and the Vagus Core, as well as details of how these brain regions react to circulating orexigen hormonesGhrelin, and anorexigene hormones such as glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin. The work gives an insight on how high-intensive training can improve homeostatic control in overweight and obese patients.

Performance trends at the Boston Marathon

Boston Marathon is April 16. Why are Americans slower than 42 years ago? The Boston Marathon is the oldest marathon in the world. In an interesting article philosophies the author why the Americans were not faster on this run. He goes through the milestones of history and mentions the East African runners.

We can answer His questions soon, we have worked up the historical numbers of this run, the work is written and should be published soon. But first, the article by Bob Prichard is under https://www.linkedin.com/puls/boston-marathon-april-16-why-americans-Slower-than-42-bob-prichard/?p

Read more

The age of the best performance

Does Racing Age Matter? We did not make an evaluation of all Ironman triathlons ever too long ago and it has been shown that the age of the best performance said significantly earlier than previous studies.

Our realization is of practical importance, then the company Custom Performance in New York wrote a comment on our study. To find under https://www.nycustompt.com/blog-nycustompt/2018/5/4/does-racing-age-matter

Who, when, how, where, what

Statistics in the ultratriathlon

The German Mark High-Dorst has made the trouble to analyze all previously held triathlons from 2-fold to 20-fold Ironman distance. He made different lists, which can be found all on his side https://www.ultrathlet.de/statistik/ultratratriathlon-statistik.html

Ultramarathon and musculoskeletal

The influence of an ultramarathon on the musculoskeletal system Over the past decades, the number of UltraLönd has multiplied, and many studies have studied the influence on the musculoskeletal system. We summarize the findings of damage that can cause an ultramarathone on joints and muscles. The most common injuries or overload damage relates to the lower extremity, where ankle and knees are most commonly affected. For very long runs, there is an adaptation with thickening of tendons and cartilage.

Pacing in swimming

Pacing in Swimming: A Systematic Review Pacing or how to distribute energy during performance that can significantly affect the sporty performance is considered crucial for optimal performance in many sports. This is especially important in swimming there the water resistance is very high.An Australian group has analyzed all relevant studies for swimming in the pool. For short and medium lines, maintaining the swimming speed is crucial. In long distance, a small variability of the swimming speed of round to round and the ability for a final spurt on the last round is crucial. When swimming is crucial during the dolphin route, the legs are decisive to relieve something to optimize performance for subsequent routes.