Masterathlets at the EM

Changes in Jumping and Throwing Performances in Age-Group Athletes Competing in the European Masters Athletics Championships between 1978 and 2017 The results of Masterathlets were previously used to examine the age-related differences in the aerobic capacity. However, fewer studies were performed on the variation of the jump and throat performance in old age. Therefore, the objective of the present study with elite master athletes was the study of age-related differences in litter (discus, hammer, spear and spherical pose) and leap (high jump, long jump, rod high jump and triumph) in 5-year age groups from 35-39 to95-99 years of elite master athletes and trends relating to performance and gender differences. The eight best finalists for women and men for every age group and every event of 20 Athletics European Championships between 1978 and 2017 were taken into account. A total of 13,673 observations were analyzed by 4,726 master athletes. For each event, a mixed regression model was created, with gender, age group, calendar year and interaction conditions (gender, age group, sex year) defined as fixed effects. The achievements improved over time with a linear trend for each event. Men had better achievements compared to women.The achievements decreased with increasing age for each event.

Nutrition in the ultramarathon

Nutrition for Ultramarathon Running: Trail, Track, and Road. In the last three decades, the maturities and the number of participants in ultramarathon runs have risen continuously. In addition to the effort of prolonged running with or without packing, such events are often associated with a demanding topography, environmental conditions, acute temporary complaints and / or event-related health complications. These factors create a scenario for larger dietary needs that predispose ultramarathon runners for several barriers for food intake. In the current work, the ultramarathon’s physiological and nutritional requirements are intended to investigate and general indications of nutritional needs of ultramarathone training and competitions are given, including aspects of the diet’s logistics during the race. Research results suggest that the daily carbohydrates in the food (up to 12 g / kg / day) and the carbohydrate absorption (\ ~ 90 g / h for running distances ≥ 3 hours) support endurance training and improve endurance performance. Whether this recommendation is bearable in competition is questionable from practical and gastrointestinal perspective. Diet protocols such as glycogen manipulation or low-carbohydrate content diet and high fat content are currently popular with ultramarathon runners. Although the latter diet manipulation shows increased overall fat oxidation rates during submaximal load, the role in improving the ultramarathon running power is currently not supported. Ultramarathon runners can develop both a hypohydration and hyperhydration (with accompanying stress-associated hyponatremia) depending on the duration of the race and the ambient conditions. To avoid these two extremes, the dehydration can generally be maintained by “drinking to thirst”.

Pacing in cross-country skiing

The Differences in Pacing Among Age Groups of Amateur Cross-Country Skiers Depend on Performance The pacing was primarily examined for runners, but little runners is not known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of performance and age on pacing in cross-country skiing. All finishers (women, n = 19'375; men, n = 86'190) of the “Engadin Ski Marathon” (42 km) between 1998 and 2016 were 10 km (A), 20 km (B) in terms of percentage speed change.and 35 km (C) analyzed. They were divided into performance groups after quartiles of average race speed (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) and age groups of 5 years (<20, 20-24, 25-29 … 85-89 years).Men were + 14.3% faster than women (15.2 ± 4.0 vs. 13.3 ± 3.3 km). In women and men, a minor influence of the interaction between age group and power group was reflected on the change of A, where Q1 slowed down and Q4 weakened the speed reduction with age. However, the influence of the interaction of the age group × performance group on changes B and C was insignificant.Based on these findings, the conclusion was drawn that the differences in pacing between the age groups depend on the level of performance.

Pacing in half marathon and marathon

Sex differences in pacing during half-marathon and marathon race The main objective of the present study was to examine the differences in pacing between half marathon and marathon in men and women.A total of 17'525 finishers were taken into account in the marathon (n = 4'807 men; n = 1'278 women) and half marathon races (n = 7'624 men; n = 3'816 women) in Vienna 2017.Their pace was based on five racing segments (0-23.7%, 23.7-47.4%, 47.4-71.1%, 71.1-94.8% and 94.8-100%) of theRace rated. Compared with Marathon (with absolute average speed changes of 5.46% or 4.12% in men and women), half marathon at both sexes became a more uniform pacing (ACS = 3.60% and 3.36% in men and women)Observed. The more uniform pace in women previously observed in marathon races was also detected in the half marathon. However, the gender difference in the pace was lower at a half marathon than at the marathon.

The New York City Marathon since the beginning

The “New York City Marathon”: participation and performance trends of 1.2M runners during half-century. The aim of the present study was to investigate trends in terms of participation, performance, age and nationality during a period of \ ~ 50 years in the largest data record that has ever been examined at the New York City Marathon. We analyzed 1'174'331 finisher (women, n = 349'145, age 39.7 ± 8.7 years; Men, N = 825'186, 41.7 ± 9.2 years). The total participation increased across all calendar years for all nationalities, and this increase was more pronounced in women, which led to a decline in the men’s women’s relationship. Men were faster and older than women. Ethiopians and Kenyans were the fastest and recent women in women and men. Japanese were the slowest and the Germans in both sexes the oldest runners. The race took over years.

The weather influence at the marathon in Boston from 1972 to 2018

The role of weather conditions on running performance in the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018 This study examined the relationship between the weather conditions along with gender and country of origin with the mileage at the Boston Marathon from 1972 to 2018. A total of 580,990 observations of 382'209 different finishers with generalized additive mixed models were analyzed. Different groups and subgroups were considered as all runners, rank 101-200, 21-100, top 10 and the winners.The weather conditions in the course of the event were the average air temperature (° C), total precipitation (mm), the so-called WBGT (° C), the wind speed (km / h), the wind direction (front wind, side wind, tailwind) and barometric pressure (HPA). These effects were examined in a multi-variable model, together with gender, country of origin, calendar year, an interaction expression Country: Gender and a spline smooth term depending on calendar year and gender. In an increase in average temperature by 1 ° C, the performance was deteriorated (at 00:01:47 H: min: sec for all finalists and at 00:00:20 H: min: sec for the annual winners).Backwind improved the performance of all groups. The increase in precipitation was significant, which was due to the deteriorated performance in all groups except for the annual winner. The increasing wind speed was also associated with a deterioration of performance in all finishers and elite groups. Kenyans and Ethiopians were the fastest nationalities.The gender differences (men in all groups faster than women) were greatest in elite groups.

Hall of Fame in Ultra Triathlon

Hall of Fame - Finisher of 100 Long Distances

These ‘Hall of Fame’ honors all athletes that have covered in the ultra-triathlon 100 or more long distances.Results of nona-approved races are also included. The athletes with over 100 Ironman routes can be found under https://www.uousport.com/records/hall-of-fame-100

Hyponatriämie im Marathon

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia During a Self-Paced Marathon Attempt in a 15-Year-Old Male Teenager The increased participation in endurance sports such as marathon runs has found scientific interest, especially in adult athletes. In a few studies, however, it was examined how a marathon has an effect on children and adolescents.The present case study had 2 objectives: first, the description of the pacing during a marathon and secondly the examination of the acute reactions of the blood physiological and biochemical parameters during the race (before and after the race) and at five consecutive days after the race. The participant was a 15-year-old boy, who completed a marathon attempt for the first time and ended in 5 h 19 m 53h. Positive pacing was observed (a running speed decreasing during the race) with a final spurt.An increase in fluid intake over the race has been shown.A stress-associated hyponatremia (eah, plasma sodium concentration <135 mmol / l) was found after the race.C-reactive protein (CRP) correlated neither with creatine kinase (CK) nor lactate dehydrogenase (LDH);However, leukocytes correlated very strongly with LDH, but not with CK.CK and LDH were almost perfect with creatinine correlated.In addition, the creatinine clearance correlated very strongly with CK, but not with LDH.Leukocytes, transaminases, LDH and CK turn off after the race from the physiological field, but return to normal values within the five-day recovery phase.

The heart in the marathon

Cardiovascular stress biomarker assessment of middle-aged non-athlete marathon runners The cardiovascular security of marathon runs remains unclear.This study examined the impact of a marathon on the profile of biomarkers for cardiovascular burdens associated with transthoracic echocardiography.Thirty-three healthy male amateur runners, which were ≥ 50 years old (average age 57 ± 7 years), were examined. Venous blood samples were won in front of the marathon shortly after the race, 2-4 days and 7 days after the marathon.The plasma concentrations of highly sensitive heart troponin I (HS-CTNI) and endothelin-1 were measured.The N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide was measured using electrochemiluminescence. Each participant had a transthoracic echocardiography before and immediately after the race. It showed a strong increase in biomarkers after the race, which was normalized after 2-4 days and remained in the normal range after 7 days. Runners with intensive training programs (> 169 km / month) after the race had a lower HS-CTNI. There were a decline in the left atrial volume volume and an increase in the maximum right atrial volume. Changes in the Doppler indices of the diastolic function were observed, which indicate a change in left ventricular relaxation. A marathon is associated with a strong and significant increase in biomarkers.