Pacing an Ultra Triathlon

Effects of The Performance Level and Race Distance on Pacing in Ultra-Triathlons The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the performance level and race distance to the pace at Ultra Triathlon (Double, Triple, Quintuple and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlon), which is defined as the relative time (%).which is spent in each discipline (swimming, cycling and running). All Finishers (n = 3'622) of Double, Triple, Quintuple and Deca Iron Ultra-Triathlon between 1985 and 2016 were analyzed and divided into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4), where Q1 is the fastest and Q4 slowest. The performance of all non-finishers (n = 1'000) in the same period was also investigated. Double and Quintuple Iron Ultra Triathlons (24.4%) revealed the highest rate of non-finishers, and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlons achieved the lowest rate (18.0%). DECA IRON ULTRA triathlets (6.7 ± 1.5% and 48.8 ± 4.9%) proved to be the fastest and double (9.2 ± 1.6% and 49.6 ± 3.6%) Triple Iron Ultra triathlets than the slowest, with Q4 the fastest group (8.3 ± 1.6% and 48.8 ± 4.3%) and Q1 the slowest (95 ± 1.5% and 50.9 ± 3.0%). When running, Double Iron Ultra Triathlets were relatively fastest (41.2 ± 4.0%) and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlets (44.5 ± 5.4%) slowest, with Q1 the fastest (39.6 ± 3, 3%) and Q4 The slowest group was (42.9 ± 4.7%).

World record for father and son in the marathon

Case studies in Physiology: Analysis of the World record time for combined father and son marathon The aim of this study was to examine the physiological profiles and the pacing of the father (59 years old) and the son (34 years old), which the world record time (4:59:22 h: min: s; Father: 2:27: 52 H: Min: S, son: 2:31:30 h: min: s) have broken for the combined father-son marathon in 2019. The oxygen uptake (VO2), the heart rate (HR), the breathing (VE), the blood lactate concentration (LA) and the tread economy (RE) were measured during treadmill running tests. The total distance of the marathon was divided into 8 sections of 5 km and a last section of 2.195 km, and the relative average running speed on each section was calculated individually.Vo2max, Hrmax, Vemax, Lamax were 65.4 ml × kg-1 × min-1, 165 beats × min-1, 115 l × min-1, 5.7 mmol × L-1 for the father and 66.9ML × kg-1 × min-1, 181 beats × min-1, 153 l × min-1, 11.5 mmol × L-1 for the son.At 17 km × H-1 fraud re 210 ml × kg-1 × min-1 for the father and 200 ml × kg-1 × min-1 for the son, and% Vo2max was 90.9% for the father and 84, 5% for the son. The father held a uniform running speed during the marathon (running speed CV <1%), while the son ran the second half marathon 7% slower than the first, and his running speed dropped significantly from the 35th kilometer. Father and son, who had broken the world record time for the combined marathon of father and son, had a similar performance level, but their physiological profiles and pacing strategies during the marathon were different.

Mental hardness in the marathon of the Sables

Mental Toughness and Associated Personality Characteristics of Marathon des Sables Athletes Mental hardness is commonly referred to as an important prerequisite for sustainable sporting achievements.The increased research focus on the mental hardness has led to the development of a consistent debate focusing on whether the construct is a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional feature and whether it can be distinguished from similar constructs such as the winter hardness. In order to improve the clarity of mental hardness, the present study is exploratory nature and uses athletes who participated in the ‘marathon of the SABLES’. The Marathon of the Sables is a time-limited run over 250 km in the Sahara, which takes place over six days at temperatures of over 40 ° C. 42 British participants at the Marathon of the Sables were recruited via the British organizational company.Each participant completed the Neo PI-R as a measure of the five main areas of the personality as well as the six features or facets that define each area. In addition, you filled out the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ).The Neo Pi-R results of the participants in the Marathon of the Sables were compared with the general population standards, and the results showed a pronounced ultra-endurance athlete profile characterized by a significantly higher level of extroverse and openness to experiences. In addition, the SMTQ values of the participants at the Marathon of the Sables were higher than the normalized sample consisted of a collection of athletes representing several sports.

The meaning of the crew at the Raam

Participating In The Race Across AMerica In A Team Of Eight Cyclists: Do Not Neglect Crew Preparation. The Race Across America (RAAM) is considered one of the longest and hardest cycling races in the world.It can be done alone or in a season of two, four or eight people. The aim of the present study was to examine various physiological, perceptual and psychological reactions, during and after RAAM in a team of eight amateur vehicles. Since the logistics of the entire team is demanding and complex, the crew members have applied the same test procedure.The main result was that the parameters in cyclists in the course of the RAAM were not changed globally than with crew members, and that all variables returned to the level a week after the race in both groups in front of the race. In the crew, the body fat was reduced in the middle of the race (center) compared to a week before the Raam (pre) (-1.5%) and the entire body water in the middle before the race increased (+ 2.5%).Therefore, the execution of the race with eight well-prepared amateur vehicles seems to reduce the potential health risks. In the crew, the strength of the quadrice for each valuation date remained stable, but the general fatigue increased during the entire race. The most important message of this study is that crew members need adequate and sufficient preparation and training for an eight-member team.Roles and responsibilities must be thoroughly defined.Individuals must know each other and be prepared for sleep deprivation.

Cardiale biomarker in the ultramarathon

Blood cardiac biomarkers responses are associated with 24 h ultramarathon performance. The clinical significance of the response of heartbiomarkers in ultra-runners is not fully clarified as the runs in terms of route and duration vary and the competitors modulate the running intensity according to individual travel capacity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the self-chosen training intensity and heartbiomarkers by comparing experienced (n = 11) and inexperienced (n = 14) runners, which a 24-hour ultramarathon with significant differences in performancecan finish.Heartbiomarker (CKMB / Totalck, CTNT and NT-Probnp), inflammatory markers (leukocytes and CRP) and cortisol were analyzed before and after a 24-hour ultramarathon. Experiencing runners ended the race with a significant longer distance as inexperienced runners (158.8 ± 15.8 versus 116.8 ± 10.3 km). The evaluation showed a significant interaction between time and performance level with a greater increase in CTNT, NT-Probnp and Cortisol in the group of experienced runners.CKMB / Totalck decreased, while leukocytes and CRP climbed in both groups.Correlations between traveled distance and cortisol, CKMB, CTNT or NT-Probnp were found.Cortisol and NT-Probnp were also significantly correlated. Although there are no clear indications of a heart risk, if cardiac biomarkers are compared with clinical limits, cardiale biomarkers are associated with the mileage and the reaction of the hypophysen adrenal tongue system.

Digestive problems with runners

Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances This study examined the differences in gastrointestinal and stress-related complaints between groups of runners competing in different running routes, using web-based questionnaires. A total of 89.3% of the runners were reported heavy complaints during the race, compared with 70.6% after the race. Significant differences between the groups have been described for marathon runners and ultramarathon runners. During the competition, the runners reported about urinary rang (47.7%), muscle cramps (43.6%) and belching (43.6%).The prevalence of bloating, flatulence, side pain and dizziness was different in different running tracks. There were small to medium-sized negative correlations between food intake and fluid intake and gastrointestinal complaints. After the competition (12 h), 70.6% of the participants assessed complaints, with muscle cramps (47.6%), wind disruptions (19.0%) and flatulence (12.7%) most common.The frequency of belching, nausea, stomach cramps and muscle cramps differed between the distances. There were small to high positive correlations between complaints during and after the competition. In summary, runners of all distances reported a high prevalence of gastrointestinal complaints and other stress complaints. There were some small differences in terms of the type of message and the severity of the complaints between the distances.

The age of the best marathon performance - Berlin Marathon

The Age-Related Performance Decline in Marathon Running: The Paradigm of the Berlin Marathon The variation of the marathon period by age group was recently used to model the decline in endurance with increasing age. However, the previously studied paradigms for marathoning come mainly from the USA. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the age of the highest performance in the marathon at a European race, the “Berlin Marathon”. In this marathon of 2008 to 2018, the maturities of 387'222 finishers (women n = 93'022; men n = 294'200) were investigated. Men were +1.10 km / h faster (10.74 ± 1.84 km / h compared to 9.64 ± 1.46 km / h) and +2.1 years older (43.1 ± 10.0 years compared to 41.0 ± 9.8 years) as women. The age of the highest performance in the Marathon was 32 years in women and 34 years in men in 1-year age groups and 30-34 years in women and 35-39 years in men in 5-year age groups. The performance of women and men in ages 60-64 and 55-59 corresponded to “90% of the running speed at the age of the maximum performance in the marathon.

Does age really limit our stamina?

Endurance and Age-Related Performance Our work Nikolaidis, P.T., & Knechtle, B. (2018).Performance in 100 km Ultra-Marathoners - At Which Age IT Reaches Its Peak?Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research is content this comment by Jeremy Sutton.

In his article, he describes the phenomenon that ultramarathon is a domain of older runners and brings some examples. The item is to be read under https://medium.com/explore-the-limits/endurance-and-age-related-performance-25b0f290544

Extreme duration and nutrition

Ultra-endurance and nutrition Our work Nikolaidis, Pt.Veniamakis, E. Rosemann, T. «et Col.»Nutrition in Ultra Endurance: State of the Art.Nutrients, 2018, 10 (12), 1995 (DOI: 10.3390 / NU10121995) is content of this article.

The authors include the importance of fluid and calorie intake for very long endurance loads. The article can be found under https://www.cerin.org/breves-scientifiques/ultra-endurance-et-nutrition/