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Body mass and mileage

The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Race Performance The key elements for the success of a particular sports competition have become an interest area for researchers. The reason for the success of Ethiopian runner has not been proven scientifically so far. The aim of this study was to document the anthropometric parameters of 10'000 meter runners and find out the relationship between these parameters and services. A descriptive field study was performed.32 Elite 10'000 meter runners participated. The data was collected as the athletics team prepared for the athletics world championship.The procedure was repeated three times for each person. The experience of male and female athletes showed a negative connection with the end time.However, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and runtime at both sexes. For both sexes, a significant positive association of body weight was observed with the term.The body size correlates positively with the term in men, but not in women.The length of the arm, the forearm, leg in both sexes and the length of the thigh in women had no significant connection with the end time.A smaller arm and calf circumference had a positive effect on the performance of both sexes.A smaller thigh circumference showed a positive connection with the performance of men. The age of the runners did not correlate with their performance.The anthropometric variables showed significantly higher values in men than in women. Experienced athletes better cut off both sexes.

Collaborated half marathon runners

Profiling Collapsing Half Marathon Runners—Emerging Risk Factors: Results from Gothenburg Half Marathon Under several serious diseases, arrhythmia and heat stroke are two important causes of death in long-distance races.Clinically, a collapse could be the first sign of these serious states and mimic the more frequent and benign-related collapse at a stamina load.Several risk factors have been given in the literature. It was a qualitative study N to find a perceived risk profile during runners collapsed during the Gothenburg Half Marathon (2010-2017) and transported to the nearest hospital with an ambulance. Collaborating runners do not seem to be able to retire despite exhaustion from the run.They feel the pain, but are unable to make sense to make sense to adapt their pace and deal with other influences.Consequently, they do not overcome the problem and do not rate the situation. These individual mental properties can indicate a unique profile for collapsing runners.

Which variables do a transcontinental influence?

Pre-race determinants influencing performance and finishing of a transcontinental 4486-km ultramarathon Determinants were examined before the race that influence the performance and finish of one of the largest transcontinental multi-stap running. Forty-five participants of the Transseurope Footrace 2009, which ran 4486 km in 64 stages (average 70.1 km daily) were analyzed in terms of training and running experience. This included years of regular endurance sports (experience), the number of finished marathons, ultramarathons and multi-stay runs, records before the race for marathon and specific UM races as well as the scope of training before the race last year before the trans-internal footrace with volume (km/ Week), duration (h / week) and intensity (km / h). The average total run speed during the transseurope footrace was 8.25 km h.71% of the subjects finished the race.The middle training volume is 5500 km. Finisher and non-finishers of trans-European footrace showed no significant difference in the determinants tested before the race. There was no connection between years of regular endurance sports, number of marathons, ultramarathons, and multi-stay runs with performance at the transseurope footrace. There was a very strong positive correlation between the intensity of the training before the race and performance at the transseurope footrace. The volume of workout before the race correlated with the performance at the transseurope footrace. Records before the race in certain ultra races (6-hour, 50 km, 100 km races) showed a high correlation performance at the transseurope footrace. The performance of the ultramarathon correlates vice versa with age. As in other endurance disciplines with shorter routes, the athletes also need a stage-specific experience, training and adaptation before the race in ultra-length multi-stage endurance sports if they want to achieve good performance.

With 85 an ironman finishene

It’s never too late to become an Ironman – The example of an 85-year-old triathlete The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Hiromu Inada, an 85-year triathleten, who graduated from the world’s oldest athlete, the famous ‘Ironman Hawaii’ swimming from 3.8 km, 180 km cycling and 42 km.KM run. Hiromu Inada sponge in 1 h 51 min, cycled in 8 h 02 min, ran in 6 h 28 min and needed 31 min for its change zones, for a total time of 16 h 53 min. Compared to the speed of the winner Hiromu Inada was swimming, Cycling and running around 55, 47 and 58% slower. For the same age group category (85-89 years), Hiromu Inada’s age-related power drop is more pronounced compared to age-related power loss of a single discipline with a shorter duration, more strongly as a 1500 m swimming, a 1-hour railroad or a marathon. According to our knowledge, Hiromu Inada’s performance is the first description of a masterthlete that is older than 85 years and officially ended an extreme duration level.

Nutrition in training and competition for ultratriathlon

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing In this opinion, the International Society for Sportstern deities (ISSN) offers an objective and critical review of the literature, which relates to nutritional aspects for training and race in the ultra-marathon. Recommendations for training: Ultra marathon runners should aim to meet the calorie requirements of the training by pursuing an individualized and periodized strategy that includes a varied food first approach. Sportsmen should plan and implement their nutritional strategy with sufficient time to enable adjustments that improve the fat oxidation capacity. The evidence predominantly supports the absorption of a medium to high carbohydrate diet (i.e. \ ~ 60% of energy consumption, 5-8 g × kg-1 × D-1) to mitigate the negative effects of a chronic glycogen emptying through the training. The limitation of carbohydrate absorption before selected exercises with low intensity and / or moderation of daily carbohydrate recording can improve the function of mitochondria and the fat oxidation capacity.Nevertheless, this approach can affect the performance in intensive efforts. Protein recording of \ ~ 1.6 g × kg-1 × d1 is required to maintain muscle mass and support the recovery from training. In a demanding training, however, quantities of up to 2.5 g × kg-1 × d-1 may be required, recommendations for racing: To reduce calorie deficits, runners should try to run 150-400 kcal × H-1 (carbohydrates, 30-50 g × H-1; protein, 5-10 g × H-1) to consume from a variety of low-calorie food. The palatability of foods, individual tolerability and the increasing preference for hearty foods in longer races must be considered.During the race, fluid volumes of 450-750 ml × H-1 (\ ~ 150-250 ml every 20 minutes) are recommended. In order to minimize the likelihood of hyponatremia, electrolytes (mainly sodium) can be needed in concentrations higher than those provided by most commercial products (i.e.,> 575 mg × L-1 sodium). The liquid and electrolyte requirement is increased when working under hot and / or humid conditions. Today’s evidence supports progressive intestinal training and / or low-FODMAP content diets (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) to relieve symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort during the race. It lacks evidence of support of ketogenic diets and / or ketone esters to improve ultra-marathon performance, requiring further investigations.

When is it too cold in long-distance swimming?

How cold is too cold? Establishing the minimum water temperature limits for marathon swim racing The idea for this study was a basis for rules for a minimum temperature of the water in long-distance floors to deliver and highlight the facts that prone to swimming in open water for excessive cooling. 12 Slim competition swimmer slammed up to two hours three times at different water temperatures between 14 ° C and 20 ° C and only carried the standard equipment. The rectal temperature, the oxygen consumption, the perception of cold and the performance were measured. At 16 ° C, half of the floats did not swim twisting;Four were hypotherm (or was predicted to become hypothermic) within two hours of hypotherm (or it was predicted.At 18 ° C, three quarters ended swimming;Three became (or have been predicted) Hypotherm.At 20 ° C was predicted that a float cooled in less than two hours. The average linear rate of the rectal temperature drop was 16 ° C (-1.57 ° C / hour) larger than 18 ° C (-1.07 ° C / hour). There was no change in the swimming performance during swimming or between the conditions. Most of the cooling rate could be explained by metabolic heat generation and morphology for both 16 ° C and 18 ° C. No relationship was observed between the rectal temperature and the perception of the heat feeling, and there was a weak correlation between the rectal temperature and the thermal sensation.

The heart in a transcontinental

Cardiac structure and function in response to a multi-stage marathon over 4486 km The idea of the study was to investigate whether the participation in the Trans Europe Foot Race 2009, an ultramarathon race at 64 consecutive days over 4486 km led to changes in the heart structure and function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 20 out of 67 participating runners (two women; medium age ± SD 47.8 ± 10.4 years) at three times (baseline scan at 294 ± 135 km (B), scan two at 1735 ± 86KM (T1) and scan three at 3370 ± 90 km (T2)) during the Trans Europe Foot Race. The imaging comprised an assessment of the left ventricular structure (mass) and function (elongation).In parallel, cardiac troponin I, NT-Pro-BNP, Myostatin and GDF11 were determined in venous blood samples. A partial sample of ten runners returned eight months after the race to a follow-up scan. The left ventricular mass increased significantly during the race (B 158.5 ± 23.8 g, T1 165.1 ± 23.2 g; T2 167 ± 24.6 g), although no significant change in the remaining structure and function detectedwould. The serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I and NT-probnp increased significantly at 1.5- or 3.5 times during the first measuring interval, without further increasing (cardial troponin I, 6.8 ± 3.1 (B), 16.9 ± 10.4 (T1) and 17.1 ± 9.7 (T2), NT-Probnp, 30.3 ± 22.8 (b), 135.9 ± 177.5 (T1)and 111.2 ± 87.3 (T2)), while the growth markers did not change myostatin and GDF11. No association with functional parameters was observed, including the ejection fraction and the volume of both ventricles. The follow-up scans showed a reduction to the baseline values (left ventricular mass 157 ± 19.3 g).

At 83 years to the marathon

The Physiological Characteristics of an 83-Year-Old Champion Female Master Runner This work describes the investigation of the cardioreespiratory, muscular and skeletal properties of an 83-year-old runner, which had placed several world records in the age group of 80- to 84-year-olds. The measurements of maximum oxygen uptake, the maximum heart rate, the maximum isometric torque for knellet muscles, the muscle volume top and lower leg and the bone mineral density of the proximal femur were evaluated. Based on previously published equations, the physiological age for maximum oxygen uptake, the maximum heart rate and the maximum isometric torque was determined. The muscle volume for the dominant leg was compared with previously published gender and age-appropriate data using Z-Scores.For the bone mineral density, the T-Score and the Z score were calculated. The runner had the highest maximum oxygen uptake (42.3 ml × min-1 × kg-1), which has ever been observed with a woman over 80 years, which gave her a remarkable physiological age (27 years). In contrast, she had a physiological age closer to its biological age for maximum isometric torque (90 years) and maximum heart rate (74 years). The Z values for the muscle volume of thighs (0.4) and lower legs (1.1) showed that the leg muscles of the runner were almost as strong as their gender and age-appropriate peers. The T-score (-1.7) for the bone mineral density showed that the runner had an osteopenia, but no osteoporosis, and the Z-score (0.7) showed that the bone mineral density of the runners of women in the same age similarwas.

Finisher and non-finisher in the ultramarathon

Multidisciplinary Analysis of Differences Between Finisher and Non-finisher Ultra-Endurance Mountain Athletes Ultra races are one of the physical and mentally most demanding sports. The objectives of this study were the analysis of differences in selected psychophysiological parameters between finisher and non-finishers and the analysis of psychophysiological parameters before and after an ultra-race.Selected psychophysiological variables were investigated in 46 finishers and 24 non-finishers in two over 100 km long ultra races. It could be demonstrated as an ultra race for dehydration, a decrease in systolic blood pressure, the weight and muscle force of the legs as well as an increase in the heart rate and the rate of perceived load values led. Participants showed a lower systolic blood pressure compared to non-participants, a lower weight, a lower body mass index, a quick half marathon period and lower fluid intake before the competition day.