Do compression stockings bring something?

Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review This systematic review examined the effects of wearing compression stockings under the knee on the training performance (or sports activity) and the associated physiological and perceived indicators. Article in PubMed was searched with the following terms: “graduated compression stockings”;“Compression stockings”;“Graduate compression stockings”;“Compression stockings” combines “performance”, “athlete”, “training”, “training performance”, “fatigue”, “sports” and “recovery”, which gives 1067 publications.After verification for inclusion criteria (eg original studies, healthy subjects, performance analysis), 21 studies were selected and analyzed.

Kidney function in the ultramarathon

Ultramarathon and Renal Function: Does Exercise-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Really Exist in Common Conditions? The study used data collected from Ultra-Marathon runners who completed the 2017 edition of the 120 km long “Infernal Trail”. The samples were collected within 2 hours before the race (start) and immediately after the race (destination). The measurements of serum creatinine, Cystatin C, creatine kinase and urinalbumin were carried out.Acute kidney damage was divided into the Rifle criteria.The “damage risk” has been defined as the increase in serum creatinine or decrease in the glomerular filtration rate of more than 25%.The kidney damage was defined as 2 × serum creatinine or decrease in the glomerular filtration rate> 50%. These two categories of kidney damage were combined to calculate the overall incidence in the target. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by two methods using the measurement for serum creatinine and the measure of Cystatin C.To define renal damage, urinary biomarker \ [neutrophilic gelatinase-associated lipocaline (NGAL) ] were used. A sample of 24 trapped finishers without the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicinal products was investigated.Depending on the method used to calculate the glomerular filtration rate, a prevalence of kidney damage was observed from 0 to 12.5%. The biomarkers for kidney damage in urine were increased after the race, but without significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.

Body core temperature at Ironman Hawaii

Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii) The Ironman Triathlon consists of 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.195 km. Thermoregulation reactions play an important role in performance optimization and prevention of injuries. Factors such as environmental conditions such as heat and moisture, training level of the athlete and renative duration can influence thermoregulation.Hyperthermia then occurs when the body core temperature rises above 38.5 ° C. The present study aimed to examine the body core temperature for first-class and well-trained age group triathlets during the Marathon of the Ironman World Cup 2014 at ‘Ironman Hawaii’ under thermal stress conditions. The body core temperature of 15 triathlets (age 36.11 ± 7.36 years, body mass 71.14 7.12 kg, size 179 ± 0.04 cm and fat percentage 8.48 ± 0.85) classified for the Ironman World Cupwas measured with a telemetry system for removable pills before the competition, during the marathon and 60 minutes after completion of the race.The average temperature during the marathon was 24.66 ° C (range 22.44-28.50 ° C). The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the perceived effort (Borg Scale and Visual Analog Scale Pain) were determined before the race and 60 minutes after the event. The times were extracted from their official competition time and in the meantime.The closing time was 10: 06: 56 ± 0: 48: 30 h: min: s. The body core temperature was initially 36.62 ± 0.17 ° C, rose at the end of the competition (38.55 ± 0.64 ° C) and remained increased 60 minutes after the competition (38.65 ± 0.41 ° C). The BMI decreased significantly after the competition (22.85 ± 1.11 compared to 21.73 ± 1.36), while both the perceived effort \ [Borg scale (10.2 ± 1.64 compared to 18.60 ± 1, 67 ] as well as the perceived muscle pain \ [VAS (2.75 ± 1.59 compared to 9.08 ± 1,13 ] after the competition significantly increases. The body core temperature during the competition correlated negative with ranking in the age group, but not with the competition time. High-ranking age group triathlets, which went to the ‘Ironman Hawaii’ under thermal stress conditions, reached a state of hyperthermia during the marathon.After 60 minutes recovery, hyperthermia remained.

The meaning of vitamin D on performance

Impact of Vitamin D on Physical Efficiency and Exercise Performance—A Review A vitamin D shortage in athletes and in the general population seems to be a big problem. The most famous role of vitamin D is the regulation of calcium homopostasis.There is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health.In addition, its concentrations are associated with the muscle function and the immune response both in general and a sporting population. The vitamin D mirror is strongly related to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most human extra-skeletal cells. The expression of multiple myogen transcription factors that promote the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells is caused by the exposure of skeletal muscles to vitamin D. The aim of this overview was to summarize the current understanding of the importance of vitamin D for the training performance and physical performance in terms of analysis of the influence of vitamin D on multiple possible mechanisms.

Hyponatriämie am Spartathlon

Incidence of Hyponatremia During a Continuous 246-km Ultramarathon Running Race The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of the stress-associated hyponatremia in a 246 km long ultra-marathon. Over a period of two years, 63 male participants in the annual savat sound of Athens to Sparta, Greece, in the data analysis were included. A blood sample was taken from the day before the race as well as within 15 minutes of the race and analyzed on the sodium concentration. During the second year of data collection, blood was also removed on 93 km long checkpoint (n = 29).Size and weight were measured before and after the race. The average competition time of all subjects was 33 ± 3 hours with a range of 23.5 and 36.0 hours. Of the 63-recruited finishers, nine the race began with values that indicate a slight hyponatemia.Seven runners were classified at 93 km long checkpoint with a hyponatremia, three of which had a sodium level with severe hyponatemia. After the race, a total of 41 finishers (65%) developed either a slight (n = 27, 43%) or a heavy hyponatremia (n = 14, 22%). The average change in body weight percentage and serum sodium from the race to after the race was -3.6 ± 2.7% (-2.5 ± 1.9 kg) or -6.6 ± 5.6 mmol × L-1. The serum sodium mirror before the race was not a significant predictor of serum sodium levels after the race, but there was a significant and negative relationship between the change in body weight percentage and the serum sodium concentration after the race.

What distinguishes UltraLauer?

Who are ultramarathon runners? For most people, the marathon over 42.195 km is the longest running route you know. But there are running tracks in the ultramarathon, which go over many hours to light or hundreds to thousands of kilometers and miles. House and specialists are increasingly confronted with ultramarathon runners, there are more and more such competitions and ultramarathon runners in Switzerland at an international top level.

This overview summarizes the specific characteristics for Ultralaufen. The whole article can be found under https://medicalforum.ch/en/detail/doi/smf.ch/deten/detail/doi/smf.2020.08433

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World record in the marathon at 59 years

Physiological Profile of a 59-Year-Old Male World Record Holder Marathoner In this study, the cardioreespiratory capacity and the running economy of a 59-year-old former Olympic athlete rated a marathon in 2:30:15 h: min: s. The athlete moved with 32 years (best marathon performance: 2:13:59 h: min: s) for a period of 16 years after participating in the Olympic Games Returned. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), breathing (VE), blood lactate concentration (LA), step frequency (SF) and tread economy (RE) were measured during a treadmill running test. His Hrmax, Vemax, Lamax and Vo2max amounted to 165 strokes / min, 115 l / min, 5.7 mmol / l and 65.4 ml / min. His marathon pace was his running economy 210 ml × kg-1 × km-1 with a frequency of 199 ± 0.55 s × min-1 and its oxygen intake corresponded to 91% of its Vo2max. This study shows that it has succeeded in the 59-year-old former Olympic marathon runner despite a 16-year training break, to limit the age-related power of performance to “5% per decade.

Pacing in Ultra Triathlon

Ultra-triathlon-Pacing, performance trends, the role of nationality, and sex differences in finishers and non-finishers Ultra-triathlons are defined as triathlons that are longer than the traditional Ironman distance and became increasingly popular in the last two decades.However, there are only a few scientific evidence for these events. Therefore, the trends in terms of performance, tempo, nationality, gender differences and rate of non-finishers were examined in ultra-triathlons. Data from 1985 to 2018 were collected, including Double Iron, Triple Iron, Quintuple Iron and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlons.A different pacing after route and gender were observed. The athletes spent less time with swimming and cycling and more time running with increasing length of distance. Women spent more time with cycling and less time running in Double Iron and Triple Iron. The performance analysis since 1985 showed a negative trend for men and women over time. Switzerland, France and Germany were the fastest nations in these ultra-triathlons.The frequency of participation of North Americans in Europe was very low (<5%), while Europeans often approached North America (\ ~ 25%). The rate of non-finishers between the sexes was similar in all races, with the exception of the Deca Iron Ultra Triathlon, which was much higher in women (\ ~ 20%).Non-finishers had slower times when swimming and cycling as a finisher. In summary, ultra-triathlets should distribute their energy depending on the gender and length of the race on swimming, cycling and running.

Liquid balance at an Ironman triathlon

Hydration Status After an Ironman Triathlon: A Meta-Analysis The Ironman is one of the most popular triathlon events in the world.Such a race includes a large number of tactical decisions for a healthy finish and the best performance. Dehydration is often postulated to reduce performance, and is known as the cause of dropouts at Ironman. Despite the importance of hydration status after an Ironman triathlon, it is clearly lacking meta-analysis studies on this topic. The aim was therefore to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of the hydration status after an Ironman triathlon. A systematic review of literature was carried out by June 2016, which included the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. From the first 995 references we have 6 studies involved in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. All attempts had two measurements of hydration status after a complete Ironman race. The total body, blood and urinosmolality, the specific gravity of urine and the sodium plasma concentration were considered as hydration markers. Three researchers, independently, abstracted data to the study design, the sample size, to the features of the participants and the race, results and the quantitative data for meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis, the Ironman event seems to lead to moderate dehydration compared to the output values. Some heterogeneity and consistency indications were also observed.