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Talight endurance charges without a lot of sleep

Extreme sports performance for more than a week with severely fractured sleep Highly interrupted sleep is usually presented negative, but examinations in extreme sports show that people can maintain their performance with a minimum of sleep. Two cases of long-lasting extreme sports are shown that strongly interrupted sleep does not necessarily lead to a deterioration in physical and cognitive performance. During a world record experiment in long-term skiing, a continuous polysomnography was carried out on a 34-year skier for 11 days and nights, and a 32-year cyclist was examined for sleeping and activity protocols during the Race Across America for 8.5 days. The skier slept in 15-16 nap with a daily average of 6 hours, consisting of 77% in sleep 1 and 2, 11% at Stage 3 and 13% in Stadium Rem.The cyclist slept a total of 7 hours and 52 minutes in 8.5 days, divided into 11 short naps and 6 sleeping phases. The average duration of the nicker was 8.8 minutes and sleep 64.2 minutes.

Too much workout can be unhealthy

Training for Longevity: The Reverse J-Curve for Exercise A wealth of scientific literature occupies the unique therapeutic benefits of quality of life, cardiovascular health and longevity. Consequently, many have assumed that more movement is always better.However, chronic excessive endurance training can adversely affect cardiovascular health. Ultra races can cause acute myocardial damage, which is evidenced by increasing the troponin and the natriuretic peptide in the brain.In addition, a sudden cardiac arrest at marathons and triathlons occurs more frequently than shorter races. Experienced endurance athletes often show an abnormal heart rate with an increased risk of myocardial fibrosis and coronary conciliations.Chronic excessive training has consistently associated with increased risk for atrial fibrillation and a certain attenuation of the longevity advantages. The optimal training dose remains unknown and is probably different between the individual persons.

Inter-individual different reactions to continuous and interval

Inter-Individual Different Responses to Continuous and Interval Training in Recreational Middle-Aged Women Runners A crucial topic in sports is the determination of interindividual differences in response to the training that would enable to create individual timetables before workout and improve the runner’s performance. We wanted to analyze the heterogeneity of individual reactions to two half marathon training programs that differ mid-ages in running volume and intensity. 20 women performed either a 12-week continuous training with moderate intensity or interval training with high intensity.They were tested before and after training with maximum stress tests in the laboratory (Vo2max) and in the field (time to exhaustion and endurance run). All women participated in the same half marathon and their conclusion times were compared to their previous times.Although the improvements of mean final times were not significant, a continuous intensity of average intensity resulted in greater reduction in the final times, with more women (70%) improved compared to their previous times than at an interval of high intensity. The laboratory tests showed more differences in the highly intensive interval group, while both groups showed homogeneous significant increases of time to exhaustion.Both in the short interval series as well as in endurance run, the interval with high intensity resulted in better individual improvements with a higher percentage of responsters compared to continuous intervals of medium intensity (100% compared to 50% in the short series and 78% compared to 38% in endurance run). In summary, a variability of the interindividual reactions was observed both after a continuous interval middle and after a high-intensity interval, with some participants showed improvements (responders), while others showed no (non-responders) in the different performance parameters, which the idea of individualizationconfirmed.To optimize performance, a training concept is required. The whole study can be found under https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fhys.2020.579835/full

The optimal system for runners: comparison between hand-held water bottles

The Optimal Weight Carriage System for Runners: Comparison Between Handheld Water Bottles, Waist Belts, and Backpacks In endurance sports, where liquid and nutrition is not always available, transportation of water and food under stress is essential. In order to compare the running economy and the physiological requirements of different systems, 12 recreational runners completed after a first test four running tests with a duration of 60 minutes each for individual running speeds (mean running speed 9.5 ± 1.1 km / h) on a treadmill. In a hand-held water bottle, a hip belt or a backpack, either no weight (control) or weight of 1.0 kg was transported. The running economy was evaluated on the basis of energy consumption, oxygen consumption, heart rate, and perceived load.Energy consumption, oxygen consumption, heart rate and perceived stress increased over time, but no significant differences between the systems were detected. Wearing a hand-held water bottle, a hip belt or a backpack with a weight of 1.0 kg during a 60-minute run showed similar physiological changes.

Regular running speed leads to faster end times at the UTMB - an analysis

Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019 In recent years, more and more investigations have been carried out to analyze the effects of gender, performance level and age on pacing in different course disciplines.However, little is known about the impact of these factors on pacing in the trail running in the ultramarathon area. This study examined the impact of age, gender and performance level on the pacing at UTMB (Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to review earlier results obtained in research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. The data of the UTMB from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 racing results (12,681 men and 1,148 women) were analyzed. The study showed that a regular running speed (even pacing) correlated positively with the running speed.A uniform pacing throughout the UTMB correlated with faster end times. The average running speed depended significantly from the gender and the age group.In the analysis of the five best athletes in every age group, gender and age group had significant impact on pacing. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women.Women had a higher variation of running speed than men.In male participants, a younger age can be beneficial for a successful completion of the UTMB.

Are nutritional supplements of entry into doping?

Refined Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Doping Survey Among Recreational Triathletes: Support for the Nutritional Supplement Gateway Hypothesis In recent years, there was an increasing number of studies that dietary supplements could be the entry into doping. The current literature does not provide consensus that dietary supplements can display the entry into doping.In particular, studies of recreational awarders are missing. In an earlier empirical cross-sectional study, this research group first evidence provided that the use of dietary supplements can be introduced to the use of doping substances in recreational triathlets. For the present work, the investigators refine the analysis of the triathletal survey to provide evidence of a ‘gateway hypothesis’ for dietary supplements for recreational awards. A questionnaire with paper and pencil was distributed to a sample of 2'997 ironic and half-iron man triathlets.The randomized response technique was used to evaluate the 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances. The prevalence for the use of nutritional supplements was analyzed by direct survey.Tests were carried out to determine whether the estimated prevalence for the use of doping substances between users and non-user supplements of nutritional supplements differs significantly. The 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances is significantly higher for athletes reporting on the use of dietary supplements (20.6%) than in athletes that do not do this (11.4%).

Influence of the weight of the shoes on performance and tread economy

Influence of Shoe Mass on Performance and Running Economy in Trained Runners The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the addition of shoe mass to the running economy, the gang characteristics, the neuromuscular variables and performance in a group of trained runners. Eleven trained runners (6 men and 5 women) completed four units that were at least 7 days apart. The first unit consisted of a maximum test in which the second fan threshold and the speed associated with the Vo2max were calculated.In the next sessions, the tread economy at 75, 85 and 95% of the second fan threshold and the time to exhaustion was examined in the speed associated with the Vo2max under three different conditions (control, +50 g and +100 g). Biomechanical and neuromuscular variables, lactate and energy consumption were measured to exhaustion during the period.The running economy deteriorated with the increase in shoe mass (compared to 100 g) at 85% and 95% of the second fantastic threshold.The heart rate significantly increased with the addition of mass (50 g) at 75% of the second fantastic threshold and 75%, 85% and 95% of the second fantastic threshold at addition of 100 g.The time to exhaustion was significantly longer in the control state compared to 100 g (\ ~ 42 s), but not between control and 50 g (\ ~ 24 s).

Physiological reactions and food intake during a 7-day tread record

Physiological Responses and Nutritional Intake during a 7-Day Treadmill Running World Record Ultra-Running includes running events that are longer than a marathon (> 42.2 km). The extended duration of the Ultralaufs leads to a decrease of most or all physiological parameters and a significant energy effort and energy deficits. The runner, 47 years, 162.5 cm, 49 kg, Vo2max 4 ml / kg-1 / min-1, ran continuously for 7 days on a treadmill in 3-hour blocks, followed by 30-minute breaks and slept by1-5 o’clock. Heart rate, oxygen uptake, assessment of perceived effort, weight, lactate, hemoglobin, hematocrit and glucose as well as diet and fluid intake were recorded. The runner ran 17.5 h / day and put back \ ~ 120 km / day with \ ~ 7 km / h.The energy consumption for each 24-hour period was 6878 KCAL / day and the energy consumption 2701 KCAL / day.The energy consumption was 382 kcal / h, where 66.6% came from the fat and 33.4% from the carbohydrate oxidation.The energy supply at seven days was 26'989 kcal and energy consumption 48,147 kcal in a total energy deficit of 21,158 kcal.The average oxygen uptake was 1.2 l / min / 24.7 ml · kg · min-1, the respiratory quotient 0.80 ± 0.03, the heart rate 120-125 b / min-1.The weight rose from 48.6 to 49.5 kg.The hemoglobin decreased from 13.7 to 11 g / dl and the hematocrit of 40% to 33%.The runner ran 833.05 km.

Influence of the climate on the marathon performance

Diverse Effects of Thermal Conditions on Performance of Marathon Runners The heat influences human performance in many ways.Both physiological and biomechanical mechanisms are influenced, thereby reducing performance. However, the exposure relates to persons differently.Not all athletes necessarily have a similar thermal condition, and this point has been overlooked so far. During the last 12 New York City Marathon, we analyzed the endurance services of the 1000 best runners every year.The thermal conditions were equipped with the so-called ‘Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature’ and the so-called ‘Universal Thermal Climate Index’. With the identical thermal stress, the fastest runners recorded a larger amount of performance than the slower.