Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art Athletes participating in endurance sports should deal with nutritional questions, especially with regard to the energy and fluid budget.An extreme duration race - which lasts at least 6 hours after definition - can lead to an energy deficit of up to 7'000 kcal per day. Such a high negative energy balance is a weighty problem for health and performance, as it leads to events such as long-distance swimming, long-distance wheel driving and long-distance running to a decrease in the fat and skeletal muscle. The so-called sportsanemia caused by strong physical stress and gastrointestinal discomfort under very hot or very cold environmental conditions must also be considered as an important factor in health and performance in extreme duration.In addition, liquid losses can achieve by welding up to 2 l / h due to increased metabolism for prolonged training and in a hot environment, which can lead to a hypohydration. Athletes have an increased risk of stress-associated hyponatremia and swelling of the limbs when fluid intake is too high.
Optimal nutritional strategies Before the load, it should be aimed at improving fat utilization during the load, and taking fatty foods can be considered during the race along with the ingestion of carbohydrates, electrolytes and liquid. In order to reduce the risk of hyponatemia, the fluid supply should also contain sodium in amounts of 10-25 mmol, and the fluid supply should be limited to 300-600 ml per hour. The full work can be found under https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1995